浙江渔场修复振兴调查研究——以“一打三整治”专项执法行动为例          下载免费PDF全文

聂振林  水柏年  田阔  求锦津  张琳琳  韩晓凤  俞松立 《海洋开发与管理》2018,35(6):76-81

浙江渔场修复振兴暨"一打三整治"(依法打击涉渔"三无"船舶和违反伏休规定等违法生产经营行为,全面开展渔船"船证不符"整治、禁用渔具整治和污染海洋环境行为整治)专项执法行动实施以来,已取得显著成效,但也存在一些问题。文章基于调研所获资料,综合分析涉渔"三无"船舶回潮、部分伏休政策实施困难以及渔船"船证不符"、禁用渔具和海洋环境污染整治不彻底等问题及其原因,提出建立长效机制、加大整治力度和建立省内外联动机制的对策建议,为浙江省海洋生态修复、渔业资源保护和渔业可持续发展的相关决策提供参考。  相似文献   

The influence of salinity on hysteresis of soil water‐retention curves     

Kuo‐Chen Ma  Yong‐Jun Lin  Yih‐Chi Tan 《水文研究》2013,27(17):2524-2530

Taiwan is surrounded by the sea, and the southwestern seashores are suffering from a growing land subsidence problem caused by the excessive extraction of groundwater. There is also very serious intrusion by seawater along the coastline. These circumstances obstruct any land use, soil remediation or agriculture development in the area. When seawater intrudes, salt gets into the soil. The infiltration, evapotranspiration and the distribution of salinity in the unsaturated soil become a very complex problem. It is vital to investigate the hysteresis of soil water‐retention curves, combined with the salinity in these areas. Therefore, this study's main focus will be the calibration of variations in salinity and their effect on the hysteresis of soil water‐retention curves. In the wetting processes, the salty soil water‐retention curves undergo an upper shift compared with the original soil water‐retention curves because of the higher tension of saltwater. In the drying processes, there is also an upper shift compared with the original curves because the salinity influences the air‐entry pressure. The saltwater's high salinity causes the hysteresis of soil water‐retention curves to experience a greater shift. The changes in salinity also cause changes to the hysteresis curves’ shape factors, which conforms to Huang's model (developed by Huang H.C., Y.C. Tan, C.W. Liu, and C.H. Chen in 2005), the values of α and n. The value of α decreases with the increased salinity. The trend of the n value presents an irregular result. A linear regression of the α^w and α^d values was advanced where the R‐square values of α^w and α^d exceeded 0.97. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Radon distribution in groundwater of Taiwan     

Y. L. Han  M. C. Tom Kuo  K. C. Fan  C. J. Chiang  Y. P. Lee 《Hydrogeology Journal》2006,14(1-2):173-179

Radon levels were surveyed in 517 monitoring wells constructed in five major groundwater areas of Taiwan. The radon concentration in groundwater samples varied in a wide range from below the detection limit of 18 pCi/L up to 1,100 pCi/L. A worldwide comparison of reported groundwater radon levels was conducted. Overall radon levels in Taiwan groundwater are relatively low compared to other countries because the geology of Taiwan is mainly comprised of sedimentary rocks. Among the 517 wells monitored, only five wells were found with radon concentrations higher than 500 pCi/L. These five wells are all located near the Chaochou Fault in the Pingtung Plain. This study suggests that well sites near the Chaochou Fault could be good locations to monitor radon anomalies for earthquake prediction and should be avoided for developing domestic water supply. In the recharge area near the Chaochou Fault, the radon concentration in groundwater from shallow wells was approximately 1/2 to 1/4 of that from deep wells in the same cluster.

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Resumen Se investigaron los niveles de radón en 517 pozos de monitoreo, construidos en las cinco mayores áreas de agua subterránea de Taiwan. La concentración de radón en las muestras de agua subterránea varía en un rango amplio, desde inferior al límite de detección que es 18 pCi/L hasta 1,100 pCi/L. Se realizó una comparación a escala mundial de los niveles de radón reportados en agua subterránea. En general los niveles de radón presente en el agua subterránea de Taiwan, son relativamente bajos comparados con otros países, puesto que la geología de Taiwan está compuesta de rocas sedimentarias. Entre los 517 pozos monitoreados, solamente en cinco se encontraron concentraciones de radón mayores a 500 pCi/L. Estos cinco pozos están todos localizados cerca de la falla ChaoChou en la Planicie de PingTung. El presente estudio sugiere que los pozos cercanos a la falla Chaochou, podrían ser buenos sitios para monitorear anomalías de radón para la predicción de terremotos y deberían evitarse para los desarrollos de abastecimiento de agua potable. En la zona de recarga cerca de la falla Chaochou, la concentración de radón en agua subterránea obtenida en pozos someros, fue aproximadamente de &frac; a &frac; de aquella en pozos profundos ubicados en el mismo sector.

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Résumé On a mesuré les taux de Rn dans 517 forages ouverts dans cinq aquifères majeures de Taiwan. Les concentrations en Rn couvrent un domaine très large, à partir de valeurs très basses, au dessous de la limite de détection de 18pCi/l jusquaux valeurs assez grandes de 1100pCi/l. On a mené une analyse comparative avec des valeurs mentionnées en littérature. Par report aux valeurs mesurées en autres pays, les concentrations en Rn en Taiwan sont asses basses, compte que la structure géologique de Taiwan est constituée surtout par des roches sedimentaires. On a trouvé des concentrations au desuss de 500pCi/l seulement en cinq de 517 forages investigués. Tous ces cinq forages se trouvent au voisinage de la faille de Chaochou dans la plaine de Pingtung. Cet étude suggere que les forages situés près de la faille de Chaochou peuvent bien monitoriser les anomalie de Rn pour la prédiction des séismes mais doivent être évités lorsqil sagit de lalimentation en eau potable. Dans la zone de recharge près de la faille de Chaochou les concentrations en Rn mesurées dans les puits peu profondes representent 1/2-1/4 de ceux mesurées dans les forages de profondeur.

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浙江省空气质量与大气自净能力的特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郁珍艳  李正泉  高大伟  王阔 《气象》2017,43(3):323-332

利用最新的高时空分辨率ERA-Interim探空和地面资料,计算分析了1979—2015年浙江省大气输送和自净能力的时空分布变化特征,结合环保局空气质量监测数据探讨了浙江省空气质量与大气自净能力的关系,结果表明:大气自净能力在春、夏季表现出沿海地区小,内陆地区大的分布;到了秋、冬季,沿海地区大气自净能力增大,内陆地区则减小;研究时段内全省平均大气自净能力有增大趋势。表征低层输送能力的10 m风速在秋、冬季最大,夏季最小,随时间略有减小,这是浙江省空气污染加剧的可能原因之一;10 m风速的分布基本呈从东部沿海地区往西部山区逐渐减小的变化趋势,秋、冬季风速略大,以偏北风为主。浙江省大部分地区冬季大气自净能力最差,盛行的偏北风又容易将北方污染物带下来,因此冬季是浙江省最易发生空气污染的时段。当风速较小,风向转为偏西北风时,污染物从北方输入并且积累,最易出现较严重的污染天气。中度及以上的空气污染主要发生在杭嘉湖、宁波、绍兴、金华这些经济发达的地区,沿海地区的舟山、温州、台州由于大气输送条件好发生站次很少。丽水和衢州山区海拔高,加之本地工业经济发展较弱,空气污染发生的频次较少。  相似文献   

Simultaneous declines in radon and methane precursory to 2008 <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis><Subscript>W</Subscript> 5.0 Antung earthquake: corroboration of in-situ volatilization     

T. Kuo  W. Cheng  C. Lin  K. Fan  G. Chang  T. Yang 《Natural Hazards》2010,54(2):367-372

Radon volatilization mechanism into the gas phase was hypothesized to explain the anomalous decline in groundwater radon precursory to the 2003 M _W = 6.8 Chengkung earthquake in Taiwan. We initiated the monitoring of both radon and methane in the groundwater since November 2007 at well D1 in the Antung hot spring. The mechanism of in-situ radon volatilization has been corroborated by the simultaneous anomalous declines in groundwater-dissolved radon and methane precursory to the 2008 M _W 5.0 Antung earthquake.  相似文献   

Seismic monitoring of western Pacific typhoons   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Wu-Cheng Chi  Wan-Jou Chen  Ban-Yuan Kuo  David Dolenc 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2010,31(4):239-251

Typhoons inflict large damage to societies, but are usually difficult to monitor in close proximity in real-time without expensive instruments. Here we study the possibility of using seismic waveforms on the seafloor and on land to monitor the turning of a far away or approaching typhoon. Up to 67% of the typhoons making landfall in Taiwan come from the eastern shore, so that we deployed broadband ocean-bottom seismometers (OBSs) offshore eastern Taiwan in 2006 to study ground motion in close proximity to a typhoon. Typhoons generate ocean waves, which generate pressure signals in the water column before being transmitted to the seafloor as seismic waves and recorded by the OBSs. The ground motions on the seafloor correlate with locally increased (ocean) wave heights and wave periods, suggesting that the ground motions are mostly induced by in situ or nearby pressure fields, as shown by coherence function analyses. When a typhoon turns and changes wave-wave interaction near the source region, a new set of en echelon patterns develops which can be observed by OBSs and land stations. Similar features occur when a typhoon crosses a landmass and re-enters the ocean. The energy level ratio between the single-frequency and double-frequency microseisms also changes abruptly when the typhoon turns. These features can potentially help near real-time early warning with little cost to complement other conventional typhoon early warning methods.  相似文献   

Characterization of groundwater quality in Kinmen Island using multivariate analysis and geochemical modelling     

Chen‐Wuing Liu  Cheng‐Shin Jang  Chan‐Po Chen  Chun‐Nan Lin  Kuo‐Liang Lou 《水文研究》2008,22(3):376-383

Kinmen is located in the south‐west of Mainland China and mainly has two islands, Large Kinmen and Leiyu. Residents in Kinmen have drunk groundwater over several decades. This work characterized the quality of groundwater in Kinmen using factor analysis (FA), cluster analysis (CA) and geochemical simulation. The factor scores were plotted spatially to illustrate the groundwater quality and were used to discuss the grouped relationship using CA. Salinization, redox and organic matter factors are identified from 17 hydrochemical measurements in 18 wells. Acidic and oxidizing groundwater with nitrate‐N pollution is distributed mainly in the west of Large Kinmen. Saline groundwater is distributed to the north‐east of Large Kinmen and in the south of Leiyu. Groundwater with organic matter is present throughout Leiyu. Five groups of the groundwater quality divided by CA can be interpreted according to one to three factors. The grouped characteristics of the groundwater quality help the local government and industries to plan the use and protection of groundwater resources. Furthermore, a geochemical simulation was used to demonstrate the formation processes of the acidic and oxidizing groundwater properties in granitic sediments. A large amount of the precipitation of the kaolinite and magnetite releases concentrations of hydrogen ion and raises the redox potential in the aquifers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A higher-order non-hydrostatic σ model for simulating non-linear refraction–diffraction of water waves     

Chih-Chieh Young  Chin H. Wu  Wen-Cheng Liu  Jan-Tai Kuo 《Coastal Engineering》2009

A higher-order non-hydrostatic σ model is developed to simulate non-linear refraction–diffraction of water waves. To capture non-linear (or steep) waves, a 4th-order spatial discretization is utilized to approximate the large horizontal pressure gradient. A higher-order top-layer pressure treatment is further implemented to resolve wave propagation. The model's characteristics including linear wave dispersion and non-linearity are carefully examined. The accuracy of the present model using only two vertical layers is validated by laboratory data and the available results predicted by the non-linear Schrödinger equation, Boussinesq-type equations, the non-linear mild slope equation, and the Laplace equation. Features of harmonic generation as well as the influences of dispersion and non-linearity on wave energy transfer processes are discussed.  相似文献   

Analysis and modeling of a tropical-like cyclonein the Mediterranean Sea     

R. J. Reed  Y.-H. Kuo  M. D. Albright  K. Gao  Y.-R. Guo  W. Huang 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2001,76(3-4):183-202

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On Production of Long-term Mean Zonal Current and Eddy Momentum and Heat Transports in Atmosphere     

H. L. Kuo 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2001,158(5-6):1047-1063

— The mean zonal velocity in the atmosphere is taken as being created continually by the global scale Hadley circulation produced by the differential solar heating through the balance between the Coriolis effect and vertical diffusion, and not by conservation of absolute momentum. Hence a proper determination of the diffusion coefficient becomes the key to the solution of the zonal flow problem. In this study we take the flow field as composed of a primary global scale Hadley circulation, and a secondary flow created by the convergences of the eddy transports of heat and momentum and surface friction, which give rise to the classical three cell structure of the meridional circulation but which only modifies the zonal velocity distribution slightly.¶Finally, we use the equilibrium solution of the perturbation potential vorticity equation to obtain the eddy transports of momentum and heat, with the zonal velocity given by the primary Hadley flow as the basic flow, and we found that they are close to the statistically observed values, demonstrating that the system can maintain itself.  相似文献